For three centuries observers have reported brief glows, mists and colour changes on the Moon. Around two thousand reports exist, and almost none has ever been confirmed by a second observer.

Transient lunar phenomena cluster suspiciously around a few famous craters, which is what you would expect if the cause is the observer rather than the Moon. A minority may be real outgassing — a Soviet spectrum of Alphonsus in 1958 remains the best case — and modern robotic monitoring has found impact flashes but nothing else. Treat every individual report as unproven and the pattern as interesting.